Varieties of Democracy Dataset - Version 10

This study is part of the collection Varieties of Democracy

Overview Description Data and documentation

Creator/Principal investigator(s)

Michael Coppedge - University of Notre Dame, Kellogg Institute for International Studies orcid

John Gerring - University of Texas at Austin orcid

Carl Henrik Knutsen - University of Oslo orcid

Staffan I. Lindberg - University of Gothenburg orcid

Jan Teorell - Lund University orcid

Altman David - Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile orcid

Michael Bernhard - University of Florida, Department of Political Science orcid

M. Steven Fish - University of California-Berkeley, Department of Political Science

Adam Glynn - Emory University, Department of Political Science

Allen Hicken - University of Michigan orcid

Anna Lührmann - University of Gothenburg orcid

Kyle L. Marquardt - National Research University Higher School of Economics orcid

Kelly McMann - Case Western Reserve University orcid

Pamela Paxton - University of Texas at Austin orcid

Daniel Pemstein - North Dakota State University orcid

Brigitte Seim - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Rachel Sigman - Postgraduate Naval School

Svend-Erik Skaaning - Aarhus University orcid

Jeffrey Staton - Emory University, Department of Political Science

Steven Wilson - The University of Nevada at Reno orcid

Agnes Cornell - Lund University orcid

Nazifa Alizada - University of Gothenburg

Lisa Gastaldi - University of Gothenburg

Haakon Gjerløw - University of Oslo orcid

Garry Hindle - University of Gothenburg

Nina Ilchenko - University of Gothenburg

Laura Maxwell - University of Gothenburg

Valeriya Mechkova - University of Gothenburg orcid

Juraj Medzihorsky - University of Gothenburg orcid

Johannes von Römer - University of Gothenburg

Aksel Sundström - University of Gothenburg orcid

Eitan Tzelgov - University of East Anglia orcid

Yi-ting Wang - National Cheng Kung University orcid

Tore Wig - University of Oslo

Daniel Ziblatt - Harvard University

Description

Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to conceptualizing and measuring democracy. We provide a multidimensional and disaggregated dataset that reflects the complexity of the concept of democracy as a system of rule that goes beyond the simple presence of elections. The V-Dem project distinguishes between five high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian, and collects data to measure these principles.

Subject area

Government, political systems and organisations (CESSDA Topic Classification)
Political Science, Political Science (excluding Public Administration Studies and Globalisation Studies) (The Swedish standard of fields of research 2011)

Keywords

elections, mass media, social inequality, election data, democracy, corruption, political parties, democratization, heads of government, heads of state, electoral issues, media literacy, mass media bias, mass media use, sovereignty, legislature, social media, state, equality between the sexes

Principal organisation

University of Gothenburg

Responsible department/unit

Creator/Principal investigator(s)

Michael Coppedge - University of Notre Dame, Kellogg Institute for International Studies orcid

John Gerring - University of Texas at Austin orcid

Carl Henrik Knutsen - University of Oslo orcid

Staffan I. Lindberg - University of Gothenburg orcid

Jan Teorell - Lund University orcid

Altman David - Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile orcid

Michael Bernhard - University of Florida, Department of Political Science orcid

M. Steven Fish - University of California-Berkeley, Department of Political Science

Adam Glynn - Emory University, Department of Political Science

Allen Hicken - University of Michigan orcid

Anna Lührmann - University of Gothenburg orcid

Kyle L. Marquardt - National Research University Higher School of Economics orcid

Kelly McMann - Case Western Reserve University orcid

Pamela Paxton - University of Texas at Austin orcid

Daniel Pemstein - North Dakota State University orcid

Brigitte Seim - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Rachel Sigman - Postgraduate Naval School

Svend-Erik Skaaning - Aarhus University orcid

Jeffrey Staton - Emory University, Department of Political Science

Steven Wilson - The University of Nevada at Reno orcid

Agnes Cornell - Lund University orcid

Nazifa Alizada - University of Gothenburg

Lisa Gastaldi - University of Gothenburg

Haakon Gjerløw - University of Oslo orcid

Garry Hindle - University of Gothenburg

Nina Ilchenko - University of Gothenburg

Laura Maxwell - University of Gothenburg

Valeriya Mechkova - University of Gothenburg orcid

Juraj Medzihorsky - University of Gothenburg orcid

Johannes von Römer - University of Gothenburg

Aksel Sundström - University of Gothenburg orcid

Eitan Tzelgov - University of East Anglia orcid

Yi-ting Wang - National Cheng Kung University orcid

Tore Wig - University of Oslo

Daniel Ziblatt - Harvard University

Identifiers

SND-ID: EXT 0363

DOI: https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds20

URL: https://www.v-dem.net/en/data/data-version-10/

Description

Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to conceptualizing and measuring democracy. We provide a multidimensional and disaggregated dataset that reflects the complexity of the concept of democracy as a system of rule that goes beyond the simple presence of elections. The V-Dem project distinguishes between five high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian, and collects data to measure these principles.

Language

English

Time period(s) investigated

1789-01-01 — 2019-12-31

Geographic spread

Geographic location: North America, Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, Oceania

Lowest geographic unit

Country

Highest geographic unit

Country

Unit of analysis

Population

Countries

Time Method

Sampling procedure

Other
V-Dem draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from its worldwide team to produce data in the most objective and reliable way possible. Approximately half of the indicators in the V-Dem dataset are based on factual information obtainable from offcial documents such as constitutions and government records. The other half consists of evaluative indicators on topics like political practices and compliance with de jure rules. On such issues, typically five experts provide ratings.

Subject area

Government, political systems and organisations (CESSDA Topic Classification)
Political Science, Political Science (excluding Public Administration Studies and Globalisation Studies) (The Swedish standard of fields of research 2011)

Keywords

elections, mass media, social inequality, election data, democracy, corruption, political parties, democratization, heads of government, heads of state, electoral issues, media literacy, mass media bias, mass media use, sovereignty, legislature, social media, state, equality between the sexes

Is part of collection at SND

Related research data in SND's catalogue

Varieties of Democracy Dataset - Version 9

Varieties of Democracy Dataset - Version 8

Associated documentation

v-dem_codebook_v10.pdf

countryunit_v10.pdf

method_v10.pdf

organization_and_management_v10.pdf

structure_of_indices.pdf

Download metadata

Publications

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Teorell, Jan, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Beyond democracy-dictatorship measures: a new framework capturing executive bases of power, 1789–2016." Perspectives on Politics 17, no. 1 (2019): 66-84.

Lührmann, Anna, Sandra Grahn, Richard Morgan, Shreeya Pillai, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "State of the world 2018: democracy facing global challenges." Democratization (2019): 1-21.

Pemstein, Daniel, Kyle L. Marquardt, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Joshua Krusell, and Farhad Miri. "The V-Dem measurement model: latent variable analysis for cross-national and cross-temporal expert-coded data​." V-Dem Working Paper 21 (2018).

Coppedge, Michael, et al. "The Methodology of “Varieties of Democracy”(V-Dem)." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 143.1 (2019): 107-133.

Coppedge, Michael, Staffan Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, and Jan Teorell. "Measuring high level democratic principles using the V-Dem data." International Political Science Review 37, no. 5 (2016): 580-593.

Sigman, Rachel, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Democracy for all: Conceptualizing and measuring egalitarian democracy." Political Science Research and Methods 7, no. 3 (2019): 595-612.

Teorell, Jan, Michael Coppedge, Staffan Lindberg, and Svend-Erik Skaaning. "Measuring polyarchy across the globe, 1900–2017." Studies in Comparative International Development 54, no. 1 (2019): 71-95.

Sundström, Aksel, Pamela Paxton, Yi-Ting Wang, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Women’s political empowerment: A new global index, 1900–2012." World Development 94 (2017): 321-335.

Lührmann, Anna, Marcus Tannenberg, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Regimes of the World (RoW): Opening New Avenues for the Comparative Study of Political Regimes." Politics & Governance 6, no. 1 (2018).

Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Steven Fish, Allen Hicken, Matthew Kroenig et al. "Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: A new approach." Perspectives on Politics 9, no. 2 (2011): 247-267.

Coppedge, Michael, et al. "Varieties of Democracy: Measuring Two Centuries of Political Change." (2020).

Bernhard, Michael, Dong-Joon Jung, Eitan Tzelgov, Michael Coppedge, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Making embedded knowledge transparent: How the V-Dem dataset opens new vistas in civil society research." Perspectives on Politics 15, no. 2 (2017): 342-360.

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If you have published anything based on these data, please notify us with a reference to your publication(s). If you are responsible for the catalogue entry, you can update the metadata/data description in DORIS.

License

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Dataset 1

Country-Year: V-Dem Full+Others

DOI

https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds20

URL

https://www.v-dem.net/en/data/data-version-10/

Creator/Principal investigator(s)

Michael Coppedge - University of Notre Dame, Kellogg Institute for International Studies orcid

John Gerring - University of Texas at Austin orcid

Carl Henrik Knutsen - University of Oslo orcid

Staffan I. Lindberg - University of Gothenburg orcid

Jan Teorell - Lund University orcid

Altman David - Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile orcid

Michael Bernhard - University of Florida, Department of Political Science orcid

M. Steven Fish - University of California-Berkeley, Department of Political Science

Adam Glynn - Emory University, Department of Political Science

Allen Hicken - University of Michigan orcid

Anna Lührmann - University of Gothenburg orcid

Kyle L. Marquardt - National Research University Higher School of Economics orcid

Kelly McMann - Case Western Reserve University orcid

Pamela Paxton - University of Texas at Austin orcid

Daniel Pemstein - North Dakota State University orcid

Brigitte Seim - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Rachel Sigman - Postgraduate Naval School

Svend-Erik Skaaning - Aarhus University orcid

Jeffrey Staton - Emory University, Department of Political Science

Steven Wilson - The University of Nevada at Reno orcid

Agnes Cornell - Lund University orcid

Nazifa Alizada - University of Gothenburg

Lisa Gastaldi - University of Gothenburg

Haakon Gjerløw - University of Oslo orcid

Garry Hindle - University of Gothenburg

Nina Ilchenko - University of Gothenburg

Laura Maxwell - University of Gothenburg

Valeriya Mechkova - University of Gothenburg orcid

Juraj Medzihorsky - University of Gothenburg orcid

Johannes von Römer - University of Gothenburg

Aksel Sundström - University of Gothenburg orcid

Eitan Tzelgov - University of East Anglia orcid

Yi-ting Wang - National Cheng Kung University orcid

Tore Wig - University of Oslo

Daniel Ziblatt - Harvard University

Description

V-Dem draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from its worldwide team to produce data in the most objective and reliable way possible. Approximately half of the indicators in the V-Dem dataset are based on factual information obtainable from offcial documents such as constitutions and government records. The other half consists of evaluative indicators on topics like political practices and compliance with de jure rules. On such issues, typically five experts provide ratings. V-Dem wor

... Show more..

Data format / data structure

Numeric

Data collection

Time period(s) for data collection:

Source of the data: Other

Time period(s) investigated

1789-12-31 — 2019-12-31

Variables

4108

Number of individuals/objects

27013

License

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Dataset 2

Country-Date: V-Dem

DOI

https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds20

URL

https://www.v-dem.net/en/data/data-version-10/

Creator/Principal investigator(s)

Michael Coppedge - University of Notre Dame, Kellogg Institute for International Studies orcid

John Gerring - University of Texas at Austin orcid

Carl Henrik Knutsen - University of Oslo orcid

Staffan I. Lindberg - University of Gothenburg orcid

Jan Teorell - Lund University orcid

Altman David - Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile orcid

Michael Bernhard - University of Florida, Department of Political Science orcid

M. Steven Fish - University of California-Berkeley, Department of Political Science

Adam Glynn - Emory University, Department of Political Science

Allen Hicken - University of Michigan orcid

Anna Lührmann - University of Gothenburg orcid

Kyle L. Marquardt - National Research University Higher School of Economics orcid

Kelly McMann - Case Western Reserve University orcid

Pamela Paxton - University of Texas at Austin orcid

Daniel Pemstein - North Dakota State University orcid

Brigitte Seim - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Rachel Sigman - Postgraduate Naval School

Svend-Erik Skaaning - Aarhus University orcid

Jeffrey Staton - Emory University, Department of Political Science

Steven Wilson - The University of Nevada at Reno orcid

Agnes Cornell - Lund University orcid

Nazifa Alizada - University of Gothenburg

Lisa Gastaldi - University of Gothenburg

Haakon Gjerløw - University of Oslo orcid

Garry Hindle - University of Gothenburg

Nina Ilchenko - University of Gothenburg

Laura Maxwell - University of Gothenburg

Valeriya Mechkova - University of Gothenburg orcid

Juraj Medzihorsky - University of Gothenburg orcid

Johannes von Römer - University of Gothenburg

Aksel Sundström - University of Gothenburg orcid

Eitan Tzelgov - University of East Anglia orcid

Yi-ting Wang - National Cheng Kung University orcid

Tore Wig - University of Oslo

Daniel Ziblatt - Harvard University

Description

V-Dem draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from its worldwide team to produce data in the most objective and reliable way possible. Approximately half of the indicators in the V-Dem dataset are based on factual information obtainable from offcial documents such as constitutions and government records. The other half consists of evaluative indicators on topics like political practices and compliance with de jure rules. On such issues, typically five experts provide ratings. V-Dem wor

... Show more..

Data format / data structure

Numeric

Data collection

Time period(s) for data collection:

Source of the data: Other

Time period(s) investigated

1789-01-01 — 2019-12-31

Variables

3888

Number of individuals/objects

73852

License

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Dataset 3

Coder-Level

DOI

https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds20

URL

https://www.v-dem.net/en/data/data-version-10/

Creator/Principal investigator(s)

Michael Coppedge - University of Notre Dame, Kellogg Institute for International Studies orcid

John Gerring - University of Texas at Austin orcid

Carl Henrik Knutsen - University of Oslo orcid

Staffan I. Lindberg - University of Gothenburg orcid

Jan Teorell - Lund University orcid

Altman David - Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile orcid

Michael Bernhard - University of Florida, Department of Political Science orcid

M. Steven Fish - University of California-Berkeley, Department of Political Science

Adam Glynn - Emory University, Department of Political Science

Allen Hicken - University of Michigan orcid

Anna Lührmann - University of Gothenburg orcid

Kyle L. Marquardt - National Research University Higher School of Economics orcid

Kelly McMann - Case Western Reserve University orcid

Pamela Paxton - University of Texas at Austin orcid

Daniel Pemstein - North Dakota State University orcid

Brigitte Seim - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Rachel Sigman - Postgraduate Naval School

Svend-Erik Skaaning - Aarhus University orcid

Jeffrey Staton - Emory University, Department of Political Science

Steven Wilson - The University of Nevada at Reno orcid

Agnes Cornell - Lund University orcid

Nazifa Alizada - University of Gothenburg

Lisa Gastaldi - University of Gothenburg

Haakon Gjerløw - University of Oslo orcid

Garry Hindle - University of Gothenburg

Nina Ilchenko - University of Gothenburg

Laura Maxwell - University of Gothenburg

Valeriya Mechkova - University of Gothenburg orcid

Juraj Medzihorsky - University of Gothenburg orcid

Johannes von Römer - University of Gothenburg

Aksel Sundström - University of Gothenburg orcid

Eitan Tzelgov - University of East Anglia orcid

Yi-ting Wang - National Cheng Kung University orcid

Tore Wig - University of Oslo

Daniel Ziblatt - Harvard University

Description

V-Dem draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from its worldwide team to produce data in the most objective and reliable way possible. Approximately half of the indicators in the V-Dem dataset are based on factual information obtainable from offcial documents such as constitutions and government records. The other half consists of evaluative indicators on topics like political practices and compliance with de jure rules. On such issues, typically five experts provide ratings. V-Dem wor

... Show more..

Data format / data structure

Numeric

Data collection

Mode of collection: Self-administered questionnaire

Time period(s) for data collection:

Source of the data: Other

Time period(s) investigated

1789-01-01 — 2019-12-31

Variables

1118

Number of individuals/objects

391531

Published: 2020-04-07