GIS-based Time model. Gothenburg, 1960-2015

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Creator/Principal investigator(s):

Ioanna Stavroulaki - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Lars Marcus - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Meta Berghauser Pont - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Ehsan Abshirini - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Jan Sahlberg - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Alice Örnö Ax - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Description:

The GIS-based Time model of Gothenburg aims to map the process of urban development in Gothenburg since 1960 and in particular to document the changes in the spatial form of the city - streets, buildings and plots - through time. Major steps have in recent decades been taken when it comes to understanding how cities work. Essential is the change from understanding cities as locations to understanding them as flows (Batty 2013)1. In principle this means that we need to understand locations (or places) as defined by flows (or different forms of traffic), rather than locations only served by flows. This implies that we need to understand the built form and spatial structure of cities as a system, that by shaping flows creates a series of places with very specific relations to all other places in the city, which also give them very specific performative potentials. It also implies the rather fascinating notion that what happens in one place is dependent on its relation to all other places (Hillier 1996)2. Hence, to understand the individual place, we need a model of the city as a whole.

Extensive research in this direction has taken place in recent years, that has also spilled over to urban design practice, not least in Sweden, where the idea that to understand the part you need to understand the whole is starting to be established. With the GIS-based Time model for Gothenburg that we present here, we address the next challenge. Place is not only something defined by its spatial relation to all other places in its system, but also by its history, or its evolution over time. Since the built form of the city changes over time, often by cities growing but at times also by cities shrinking, the spatial relation between places changes over time. If cities tend to grow, and most often by extending their periphery, it means that most places get a more central location over time. If this is a general tendency, it does not mean that all places increase their centrality to an equal degree. Depending on the structure of the individual city’s spatial form, different places become more centrally located to different degrees as well as their relative distance to other places changes to different degrees. The even more fascinating notion then becomes apparent; places move over time! To capture, study and understand this, we need a "time model".

The GIS-based time model of Gothenburg consists of:
• 12 GIS-layers of the street network, from 1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals
• 12 GIS-layers of the buildings from 1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals
• 12 GIS- layers of the plots from1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals

In the GIS-based Time model, for every time-frame, the combination of the three fundamental components of spatial form, that is streets, plots and buildings, provides a consistent description of the built environment at that particular time. The evolution of three components can be studied individually, where one could for example analyze the changing patterns of street centrality over time by focusing on the street network; or, the densification processes by focusing on the buildings; or, the expansion of the city by way of occupying more buildable land, by focusing on plots. The combined snapshots of street centrality, density and land division can provide insightful observations about the spatial form of the city at each time-frame; for example, the patterns of spatial segregation, the distribution of urban density or the patterns of sprawl. The observation of how the interrelated layers of spatial form together evolved and transformed through time can provide a more complete image of the patterns of urban growth in the city.

The Time model was created following the principles of the model of spatial form of the city, as developed by the Spatial Morphology Group (SMoG) at Chalmers University of Technology, within the three-year research project ‘International Spatial Morphology Lab (SMoL)’.

The project is funded by Älvstranden Utveckling AB in the framework of a larger cooperation project called Fusion Point Gothenburg. The data is shared via SND to create a research infrastructure that is open to new study
initiatives.

1. Batty, M. (2013), The New Science of Cities, Cambridge: MIT Press.
2. Hillier, B., (1996), Space Is the Machine. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Show less..

Subject area:

Natural Sciences, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Civil Engineering, Architectural Engineering, Social and Economic Geography, History and Archaeology, History, History of Technology (The Swedish standard of fields of research 2011)
Boundaries, Imagery / Base Maps / Earth Cover, Structure, Economy, Planning / Cadastre, Geoscientific Information, Environment, Location, Society, Utilities / Communication, Transportation (INSPIRE topic categories)

Keywords:

buildings, urban development, urban areas, Spatial Analysis, spatial distribution, environmental history, historical evolution, land cover, land use, planned urban development, spatial mobility, spatial data file (GIS), spatial database (GIS), spatial configuration, spatial pattern, Cadastral parcels, Coordinate reference systems, Transport networks, 20th century, geospatial

Map:

Principal organisation:

Chalmers University of Technology

Accessibility status:

Access to data through SND
Data are accessible by order

Homepage:

https://www.chalmers.se/en/projects/Pages/GIS-based-Time-modelQ.aspx

https://www.smog.chalmers.se/time-model

Responsible department/unit:

Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Creator/Principal investigator(s):

Ioanna Stavroulaki - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Lars Marcus - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Meta Berghauser Pont - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Ehsan Abshirini - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Jan Sahlberg - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Alice Örnö Ax - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Identifiers:

SND-ID: SND 1154

Description:

Language:

English

Time period(s) investigated:

1960-01-01 — 2015-12-31

Geographic spread:

Geographic location: Sweden, Västra Götaland County, Göteborg Municipality

Funding:

Älvstranden Utveckling AB, Fusion Point Gothenburg

Subject area:

Keywords:

Available documentation:

Gothenburg Time model_Final report_UPD.pdf

Gothenburg Time model_Technical Documentation_UPD.pdf

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Publications

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Stavroulaki I., Marcus L., Berghauser Pont M., (2019), GIS-based Time model. Urban development in Gothenburg, 1960 to present, Research report, Fusion Point Gothenburg, Älvstranden Utveckling AB
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18909.97760

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Version 1.0:

2020-06-03 doi:10.5878/w7nb-w490

License:

Dataset 1

GIS-based Time model. Gothenburg, 1960-2015. Street networks

Suggested citation:

Ioanna Stavroulaki, Lars Marcus, Meta Berghauser Pont, Ehsan Abshirini, Jan Sahlberg, Alice Örnö Ax. Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering (2020). GIS-based Time model. Gothenburg, 1960-2015. Street networks. Swedish National Data Service. Version 1.0. https://doi.org/10.5878/w7nb-w490

Creator/Principal investigator(s):

Ioanna Stavroulaki - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Lars Marcus - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Meta Berghauser Pont - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Ehsan Abshirini - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Jan Sahlberg - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Alice Örnö Ax - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Description:

12 GIS-layers of the street network in Gothenburg, from 1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals. File format: shapefile (.shp), MapinfoTAB (.TAB). The coordinate system used is SWEREF 99TM, EPSG:3006.

See the attached Technical Documentation for the description and further details on the production of the datasets.
See the attached Report for the description of the related research project.

Data format / data structure:

Geospatial

Time period(s) investigated:

1960 — 2015

Version 1.0:

2020-06-03 doi:10.5878/t8s9-6y15

License:

Dataset 2

GIS-baserad Tidsmodell. Göteborg, 1960-2015. Buildings

Suggested citation:

Ioanna Stavroulaki, Lars Marcus, Meta Berghauser Pont, Ehsan Abshirini, Jan Sahlberg, Alice Örnö Ax. Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering (2020). GIS-baserad Tidsmodell. Göteborg, 1960-2015. Buildings. Swedish National Data Service. Version 1.0. https://doi.org/10.5878/t8s9-6y15

Creator/Principal investigator(s):

Ioanna Stavroulaki - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Lars Marcus - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Meta Berghauser Pont - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Ehsan Abshirini - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Jan Sahlberg - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Alice Örnö Ax - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Description:

12 GIS-layers of the buildings in Gothenburg, from 1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals. File format: shapefile (.shp), MapinfoTAB (.TAB). The coordinate system used is SWEREF 99TM, EPSG:3006.

See the attached Technical Documentation for the description and further details on the production of the datasets.
See the attached Report for the description of the related research project.

Data format / data structure:

Geospatial

Version 1.0:

2020-06-03 doi:10.5878/ke11-je22

License:

Dataset 3

GIS-baserad Tidsmodell. Göteborg, 1960-2015. Plots

Suggested citation:

Ioanna Stavroulaki, Lars Marcus, Meta Berghauser Pont, Ehsan Abshirini, Jan Sahlberg, Alice Örnö Ax. Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering (2020). GIS-baserad Tidsmodell. Göteborg, 1960-2015. Plots. Swedish National Data Service. Version 1.0. https://doi.org/10.5878/ke11-je22

Creator/Principal investigator(s):

Ioanna Stavroulaki - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Lars Marcus - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Meta Berghauser Pont - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Ehsan Abshirini - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Jan Sahlberg - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Alice Örnö Ax - Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Description:

12 GIS-layers of plots in Gothenburg, from 1960 to 2015, in 5-year intervals. Only built upon plots (plots with buildings) are included. File format: shapefile (.shp), MapinfoTAB (.TAB). The coordinate system used is SWEREF 99TM, EPSG:3006.

See the attached Technical Documentation for the description and further details on the production of the datasets.
See the attached Report for the description of the related research project.

Data format / data structure:

Geospatial

Published: 2020-06-03