Explanation of the information contained in the data file

Rows

Each of the 112 rows contains information on one studied habitat.

Columns

Landscape: We used 32 landscapes for our study, in which the studied
habitats occured. This column specifies the ID of the respective
landscapes. The ID is derived from a grid of 2x2 km squares over all
counties included in the study in a GIS

Habitat: This column specifies the habitat that was studied. Big roads
were paved, small road were gravel roads.

Start_X: The X start coordinates of the 200m long transect in which we
inventoried the species data for all studied groups.

Start_Y: The Y start coordinates of the 200m long transect in which we
inventoried the species data for all studied groups.

End_X: The X end coordinates of the 200m long transect in which we
inventoried the species data for all studied groups.

End_Y: The Y end coordinates of the 200m long transect in which we
inventoried the species data for all studied groups.

FirstAppearance: We used three different maps from four points in time
to manually check for the presence or absence of the infrastructure
habitats that we studied. Häradskartan from around 1900, Ekonomiska
Kartan from around the 1950s, and aerial photographs from the 1970s.
We selected the respective period in time for when the studied habitat
appeared there for the first time; i.e. if a road already exited in
the 1970s, but not the 1950s, the first appearance is 1970s. The maps
we used were created during several years, so we refer to them as a
period of time rather than being able to give an exact date of
creation.

1950s_Grassland: The proportional cover of grassland habitats within a
2 km surrounding the respective studied habitat (more precisely from
the start coordinates of the transect) in the 1950s, i.e. from
Ekonomiska Kartan that was assessed from the 1940s-1960s.

2017_Grassland: The proportional cover of grassland habitats within a
2 km surrounding the respective studied habitat (more precisely from
the start coordinates of the transect) from Nationella marktäckedata
(2017-2019).

Continuous_Grassland: The proportional cover of grassland habitats
within a 2 km surrounding the respective studied habitat, that already
existed in the 1950s and still existed in 2017.

PL_rich_all: The richness of vascular plants in the studied transects.
Four 1x1m plots were placed along each transect, separated by a
distance of 50m. Plants were recorded once per habitat between July 13
and August 24 in 2016.

PL_rich_spec: The richness of grassland specialist vascular plants, as
subset of the richness of all assessed vascular plants.

BF_rich_all: The richness of all butterflies, including burnet moths,
in the studied transects. Transects were 2.5 m to each side and 5 m to
the front of the observer, species were assessed by walking slowly
along the transect. For narrower road verges, we counted all
individuals along the transects. BF_rich_spec: The richness of
grassland specialist butterflies, as subset of the richness of all
assessed butterflies.

BB_rich: The richness of bumblebees in the studied transects.
Transects were 1m to each side and to the front of the observer.